Social-Psychological Perspectives
The most typical example of American modernization studies in India is the study by Alex Inkeles and David Smith who examines how people move from being traditional to becoming more modern personalities in six developing countries - Argentina,Chile,India,Israel,Nigeria and East Pakistan.The study was based on intensive interviews with a stratified sample of 1000 males in each country whose responses were measured for their degree of modernization on a composite attitudinal scale developed by the authors.
The sampling scheme included rural cultivators ;urban non factory workers and new and experienced factory workers.The main findings confirmed the existence of psycho-social syndrome of modernity as internalized values and attitudes and manifested in behavior demonstrating a feeling of personal efficacy,autonomy from traditional sources of influence and openness towards new experiences and ideas.The most important causal factor was education,followed by occupation and exposure to mass media.Urbanization was found to be unimportant.
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